Under the influence of various unfavorable factors both at home and abroad, China's economy is facing a major test. In particular, China's textile industry has been hit hardest. Some analysts believe that one-third of Chinese textile enterprises will collapse and more than 4 million textile workers will be laid off. Is there any such situation? If it does not appear now, will it appear in the future? Recently, we arrived at the "Silk Capital of China" in Shengze Town, Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province to investigate the layoffs of local workers. Small and medium-sized enterprises in "China's Silk Capital" opened their doors and stopped working hard to live migrant workers Shengze is a town in the southern part of Jiangsu Province, but even more prosperous than some cities in northern China. Such prosperity comes from Shengze's "Chinese silk All "title, November 24, 2007 Ministry of Commerce, the State Textile Industry Association, Jiangsu Provincial Economic and Trade Commission, Wujiang Municipal People's Government here jointly launched the China Shengze Silk Chemical Fiber Index, the index is Shengze economic barometer . Yan Youming, director of China Eastern Silk Market Administration: "The largest commodity in the Oriental silk market is chemical fiber products. The chemical fiber price index, market sentiment index and chemical fiber sentiment index all showed a downward trend for the entire six months , But the decline is still relatively large. "At present, Shengze Town, a total of more than 2,400 large and small textile enterprises, located in Shengze Town and the surrounding more than 30 villages inside, these enterprises to accept 250,000 workers from all over the country, when When the overall decline in textile enterprises, their fate? Reporter: "Hong'an Village, Shengze from the town center, but only 5 kilometers away, but the scene has been very different from the town where you can see the textile companies everywhere, around these textile enterprises can see a large number of rented houses, many migrant workers Lived here a few days before Shengze, we met an Anhui worker named Pan Shengchun who lives here and we said hello to their home. "On either side of the road, these low Short houses are mostly migrant workers living. Reporter: "Laoban lived in this large compound which can be seen here lived a lot of migrant workers like him." Pan Shengchun night shift, his lover Zhang Xianrong is just the day before the night shift, just two people are At home, there are not enough time for two people to work like this in August. Pan Shengchun: "This month I stopped for more than 1 week." Zhang Xianrong: "Now basically did not do a few classes in August, the last few days to do, in front of No. 1 to do a class, the rest of the time has been In the stop, only 8 classes in July. "Pan Shengchun couple and 18-year-old son crowded in this less than 15 square meters of room, although life is very inconvenient, but they also do not want to dig another 170 yuan and rent a room Their monthly income does not have many 170 yuan. Pan Shengchun: "A class is 85 yuan, so if it is to stop a class, I will be less 85 yuan." Pan Shengchun is the work of three classes, that is, working 12 hours to rest for 24 hours, under normal circumstances every month 20 classes take 1,700 yuan, but in August because of downtime he can only get 1,200 yuan, Zhang Xianrong this month can only get eight or nine hundred dollars, 2,000 yuan income to make their lives more stretched, in addition to The necessities of life The home can not be shabby, the business climate for them is their only hope, but in fact most companies are now very nervous. An enterprise worker: "Now basically no loss of good, and now woven out is to suppress inventory, can not sell." Reporter: "In Shengze can see many small textile enterprises, most of their size only thirty or forty machines, Most of them are in a state of painstaking support, and some enterprises stop for a period of time, while others are producing, but only in a single day Increase inventory, like the business behind me, according to local people say no more from the Spring Festival after the production, for these enterprises who can hold to tomorrow, we have no bottom of mind. "ZTE jet weaving factory is a heart did not At the end of the small factory, they only have 24 looms and only 2 workers needed for one shift. Although they stopped for nearly a month in 2008, their stockpiles were still not digested, and the white cloths piled up in the factory had begun to mold green. Wujiang South Ma ZTE spray weaving factory manager Zhang Longxi: "at least three or four months." Reporter: "But that is not to sell?" Zhang Longxi: "ah." This is used to produce raw materials, coupled with not yet digested production Inventory, Zhang Longxi has taken in more than 100 million of funds, which ZTE such a small plant is a big burden. Zhang Longxi: "If the market is not good, the sales will be very difficult to move, and now the entire Shengze market is such a situation, and more." However, if not a last resort, Zhang Longxi is reluctant to discontinue production. The life of the product quality instability, but also the loss of workers. Zhang Longxi: "If the equipment does not open, then stop production, the workers will be gone, so that can only be opened and stopped." Reporter: "that is, workers still remain?" Zhang Longxi: "Workers want to maintain , Workers want to keep it, otherwise the time to recruit, the general skilled workers more difficult. "Pan Shengchun and his wife's factory despite the 2008 recession, but the couple did not mean to leave, on the one hand is good Enterprises can not go, on the other hand, bad companies do not want to go, more importantly, the factory every month pressed Pan Shengchun 400 yuan to August has 3200 yuan, plus more than 3000 yuan mortgage, if you choose to leave, he Fear can not get all the money. Pan Shengchun: "Maybe he can do it, give you a 70% salary, the rest of the money deduct you, if you say today you left." Pan Shengchun living in this yard has 30 migrant workers, Although simple and messy here, but clean, they work hard to hope to have a better future, but many workers where the production is not normal, at the moment Pan Shengchun addition to anxiety, more helpless. Pan Shengchun: "You have no money, what are your thoughts? One day is a day." Workers sad, the days of business is also very tight, Zhang Longxi have no ability to expand production, so the factory warehouse, the warehouse is now planned to grow now Full of weeds, as for how long they can support the future, Zhang Longxi did not end my heart. Zhang Longxi: "It has been such a situation, it is hard to say, when it can only stop." Better and larger enterprises can provide migrant workers with new jobs? In Shengze, which depends on the textile industry, there are not many factories that actually closed down. However, almost every small and medium-sized entrepreneur complains about the difficulty of doing business. Their factories are also open and stopped. Therefore, workers like Pan Shengchun and his wife If you can live to work, if you do not live, you will feel restless at home. If the small businesses that they are working in will go down, will the few enterprises in the town that are more profitable and larger provide new jobs for them? Zhu Meiyan, deputy director of the Labor and Social Security Department of Shengze Town, Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province, said: "After all aspects of technological content are getting higher and higher, our original labor-intensive enterprises in the textile industry are still actually decreasing." Constant Shengze is the largest group of textile enterprises, but also a good local business, they spend tens of millions of dollars for their own staff to build a full 17 dormitory, there are restaurants, laundries, post offices, banks, Internet cafes, health Homes, supermarkets, living facilities more complete, employees pay only 30 yuan a month can live in it, if it is two workers can also be free to stay in single rooms, so that employees are relatively stable, such as Pan Shengchun couple who almost can not get in of. Ding Jianzhong, deputy general manager of Jiangsu Hengli Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd .: "Our employees are not recruiting advertisers in the society, we all recruit from schools in our province from vocational and technical schools." As Hengli Group employs They will try their best to reduce the number of employees. Although Hengli Group has more than 10,000 employees, according to the scale of their sales of 11.2 billion yuan, the number of their employees does not increase synchronously. Ding Jianzhong: "We did not increase our staff in the course of development. Instead, we are going to improve the efficiency of labor production. Therefore, the number of workers employed in our 10,000 yuan output, including the number of workers per 10,000 tons we have, has been reduced by 20% Improve labor productivity to achieve. "Ding Jianzhong said Hengli chemical fiber up when there are 6,500, now only 5,000 people, part of the surplus workers to their new textile factory - Boya Textile, which is the textile mill 1 A workshop, with 530 textile machinery, huge workshop machinery roar but can not see a few workers, monitoring equipment shows that the working efficiency of textile machinery at this time is 98%, it is the most advanced textile machinery to enable them to do this, In ZTE jet weaving factory a worker can only look at 12 machines, where a worker can see 30-50 machines, work efficiency increased 3-4 times, when the textile machinery more advanced, the same capacity Personnel will be less and less. Although it is the winter of the textile industry, the industry has not annihilated those truly competitive enterprises in Shengze Town. There is not much demand for migrant workers. They place more emphasis on the work skills of employees rather than whether the wages are low However, in the past, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that could absorb large numbers of migrant workers were now embroiled in trying to contain costs by opening up stops and reducing the number of laborers in large numbers. They did not want to be embarrassed by the winter in the textile industry Eliminated, but stay in Shengze, but also a lot of difficulties. Migrant workers Hu Jumei: "Here you earn money, the wages are too low, can only eat, so ready to go home." Hu Ju Mei, Feng Xianfa couples from Xuzhou to Shengze work, the first two days they just put the 7-year-old son to send Back home, due to Hu Ju-mei no job, a family of four people totally dependent on Feng Xianfa's wages, his monthly salary of only 1300 yuan of money. Reporter: "Do you smoke?" Feng Xianfa: "No pumping." Reporter: "Do you drink?" Feng Xian: "Do not drink." Reporter: "basically all the money used to sustain life?" Feng Xianfa: "Yes. "Only a junior middle school education and no professional skills can Feng Xianfa find it hard to find paid work in Shengze. The heavy burden of life has given the 30-year-old young people almost no hope of the future. They intend to return to their hometown after the Spring Festival. Ma Ya Nan: "I still have to find a job and I do not want to plant." Reporter: "Why ah?" Ma Yanan: "No way to grow." Reporter: "Why not?" Ma Yanan: "There is no money left to grow all year long. Under the can only eat. "Mayannan Anhui Province, in Shengze Town, Lotus Village, this empty rental house has been living for 15 days, has not been found work, his dinner is a steamed bread and a packet of cooked peanuts , 15 days to his daily diet is bread plus pickles, even so he did not want to go back to rural home. Mayanan: "I imagined that this side should be, I do not know what the job, at least there are 1445." This 15 days Mayanan had heard of many factories, but no one is willing to give him because he did not The experience of working in a textile mill is almost impossible to find a satisfactory job. He can only sell his strength. When she came to the local talent market for the third time, he finally found that a company was recruiting Porter, a monthly salary of 1,500 yuan, though the wage is acceptable, but the talent agency that he can not afford such a physical activity, a whole one he is still disappointed and return, and now he only left 80 dollars, can not find His job made him desperate and sad, and every night he wrote only words on the wall, homesick but could not go home. Words on the wall: Mom Do not be sad for me, I am confident I will live a happy life, Mom rest assured. Shengze textile industry is going through the winter, migrant workers living conditions are difficult to better, unable to maintain can only leave, but also come in one after another workers, they have to continue to live a difficult life. Migrant workers Huang Xiaolan: "Work here as if there is a guarantee of life right, at home farmland, you know two years is not a flood disaster is a drought, always hair, no living protection." Huang Xiaolan living in Lotus Village just from home Give birth to children back, looking for work after 2 days, and now they rely on their husband's family a man's wages, dinner is their staple food porridge, vegetables is a peppered with soybeans, the cost of living so that they save even more. Huang Xiaolan: "At night I was buying soybeans 5 dollars, 5 peppers is 8 cents, if you eat lunch is noon 10 a few dollars, this is only vegetarian, but also see the meat." Despite the current life constraints, but Huang Xiaolan is still willing to stay in Shengze, she was a skilled lathe worker before, she should be optimistic for the future. Reporter: "Are you confident of finding a job?" Huang Xiaolan: "Confident." Zhu Nairen, deputy director of the Labor and Social Security Office of Shengze Town, Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province: "2008 saw us as if there were no ups and downs of labor mobility. The entire textile industry, our migrant labor force, flows normally at 10-20%. Therefore, we do not feel particularly large in the total flow rate. Somehow, some of the labor flows out, but there are other places to flow in. " Although the current winter is the winter of the textile industry, the industry is not annihilated. The Shengze 50 Index reflects the sales volume and gross profit margin of the 50 largest enterprises in Shengze. The first half of 2008 saw the hope again. Yan Youming: "May, June and July are a process of upward pull-up. After the process of pulling up, this stage means that when China's textile industry is in the doldrums, pulling a positive line out here means that Our large-scale enterprises are contrarian in this regard. "Yan Youming said that the summer is usually the off-season in the textile industry. By convention, the sales season is the end of the year. The recent index shows that it has been very gratifying. Yan Youming: "From the perspective of our monitoring of prosperity, it is the price index of chemical fiber textile that has been revised back in August. From a market perspective, it has now stabilized and stopped the signs of a downturn The metaphor is now a winter textile industry, but as long as we bite our teeth, think of ways to survive, then we believe another textile spring will come. "Search Keywords: Employment Solutions We can see that although Shengze There are not many closed companies and few laid-off workers. However, many enterprises are facing tremendous difficulties. The days of small and medium-sized business owners are not easy, but as migrant workers who are disadvantaged, they are even less able to resist risks. And not only China but also the tide of the global economic downturn has also led to the unsatisfactory employment situation in these two years in the western countries. Many enterprises have laid off their jobs and the employment issue has become a focus that all countries are facing and paying attention to. Let us now search to see how countries in the world are dealing with employment issues during the economic downturn. The United States, starting from the mechanism of promoting the establishment of employment growth, encourages entrepreneurship, especially high-tech enterprises, and hopes to speed up the movement of labor force from industry and manufacturing industries to information-intensive services such as software and computers as well as architectural design, engineering planning, legal and management consulting through industrial changes. Transfer of knowledge services. In order to solve the unemployment problem, French President Nicolas Sarkozy put forward some measures to remove part of the tax burden and ease the burden on enterprises so as to revitalize the economy and create employment. At the same time, it provides timely and personalized services to the unemployed and helps the unemployed to find a job again. The German government has created a large number of employment opportunities by actively promoting the development and innovation of SMEs, especially in the fields of communications, finance, services, environmental protection, health and health care. In addition, the German government is also committed to creating new jobs and jobs to deal with the unemployment caused by the structural overproduction of traditional industries. Japan adopted the approach of finding new points of economic growth so as to open up and develop new industries to create new employment opportunities. With the worsening labor market differentiation and flexible employment, the proportion of flexible employment in the United States and EU countries is on the rise. It can be seen that with the diversification of employment patterns, self-employment, long-distance employment, part-time employment, contract employment and family employment will likely share some of the pressure on the future employment market. Observed half an hour: The government should help migrant workers upgrade! As Shengze, the "Silk City in China," there has been no relief from the massive layoffs of textile workers, which gives some comfort, but we are also deeply worried about the future of these textile workers. No matter the textile industry or other manufacturing industries, when the initial industrialization process is completed, it will inevitably embark on the path of industrial upgrading and will focus on the core competitiveness of technology and brands so as to reduce the demand for labor. This is also the inevitable choice of post-industrialization . Therefore, regardless of whether Shengze suffered a crisis this time, a large number of migrant workers will still face unemployment in the next few years. Just as companies need to upgrade, our migrant workers also need to upgrade their professional qualities in order to find a more solid job. But these migrant workers, who now have very low incomes and great labor intensity, seldom have the time and money to find a new direction for their careers, in which case we need our government to do more, such as offering free Vocational training, better career guidance services and more. An economist told the "Half-hour Economy" interview once said that China's future hopes that China's industrialization process can be achieved, but one of the most important criteria is whether our manufacturing industry can fully absorb rural areas Of the surplus labor force to train them into real industrial workers. Now that the manufacturing industry in China is shifting from the southeast coast to the midwest, there will be unemployment on the southeast coast. On the other hand, the central and western regions will feel the shortage of skilled workers. This will require the government to consider and plan employment more fully At the same time, we must better protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers so that they can better join the great revolution in China's economy.
