The mission of "Dacron"
The textile industry has always been one of the most important pillar industries in modern Shanghai. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were many spinning and cloth factories in Shanghai, and the status of cotton in people's minds was high. In 1928, Shanghai held a poll for city elections. As a result, the cotton that was not on the list of votes won the highest number of votes.
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After the liberation, the textile industry in Shanghai has always been valued by the party and the government. However, due to the large population and limited arable land, under the basic national policy of “grain as the keyâ€, the cultivation of cotton will inevitably give way to food production. In order to solve the shortage of cotton textile supply, from 1954 onwards, China began to issue cloth tickets and implement planned quantitative supply. All kinds of fabrics, clothing, bedding and all kinds of textiles must be purchased with cloth tickets. So patched clothes and sleeves wearing protective sleeves have become the characteristics of that era.
In the 1950s, a new type of synthetic fabric began to be popular internationally. This is a synthetic material extracted from petroleum and coal. In the early 60s, Shanghai began to work on the development of "Dacron." Cai Liming, a 90-year-old man, was engaged in the research and development of “Dacron†at that time. At that time, they made a trial production for about three months and successfully weaved the fabric of “Dacronâ€. "The first weaved out was 'Dacron' poplin material, which was used as the shirt of Dacron. The finished product was mainly for export." Said Cai Liming, the old man said, "Because the raw material is bought with foreign exchange, we must raise it as far as possible. To increase foreign exchange for the country."
At that time, the Chinese had no production capacity from oil to chemical fiber. In the early 1960s, Dacron was developed by importing polyester fibers. By the late 1960s, polyester chips were imported to make polyester fibers. Because the raw materials need to be imported, the products produced are basically used for export earnings.
Those who are older now may remember that there were a lot of tight goods in the market that were called “export-to-domestic goodsâ€. This was due to the fact that these export products were put on the domestic market due to certain flaws in their quality. Shanghai's silk shop is the earliest supplier of "dare" fabrics for export and domestic sales. As soon as it is on the counter, it is robbed. Being able to put on "Diana" clothes was a very fashionable and very inconvenient thing at the time.
"Under the" happiness
Not only is the fabric of “Diana†popular in silk cloth shops, but also “Dacron†garments are in short supply in clothing stores. In order to rush to buy clothes, tragedies have also occurred. On June 16th, 1968, a group of “Danliang†shirts in Hung Hom's clothing store on Shimen 2nd Road in Shanghai needed to go to the counter. A large number of customers flocked after hearing of the news. As a result, the crowded people crowded the shop window glass. Broken, causing 1 death and 6 injuries. It was a female teacher who had unfortunately passed away to buy the “Diana†shirt. She was only 40 years old.
Shanghai No. 2 Synthetic Fiber Factory is the first factory specializing in the production of polyester staple fiber, that is, the production of "Dacron" raw materials. In 1968, the annual output of this plant was 500 tons. This kind of production is really a drop in the bucket for the needs of the people at the time. In order to meet the needs of the people, hundreds of thousands of tons of polyester were imported into the country each year. As production expanded, the number of “Zhanliang†textile fabrics also increased. Not only were cotton “Dacronâ€, Mao “dignifiedâ€, but also “cards†that were woven into khakis. At the same time, they also produced some domestically produced products.
At that time, young people wore “cards†to wear and “wearing†trousers were called “under the topâ€. Put on shoes with 7 yuan, 6 and 5 points on the feet, known as "765" shoes. Riding a new bike, it feels better than driving a BMW now. The Happiness Index is like a thermometer soaked in hot water, and it suddenly rises.
New era of patch no longer
"Dacron" is not only liked by the people of Shanghai. People from all over the country who come to Shanghai also regard purchasing "Danliang" as their important task. In 1971, Chairman Mao Zedong made a special southbound inspection and made a short break through Shanghai. By the time he drove, the special train attendants rushed back into the car all the way. After seeing these young people panting, the chairman casually asked: “What did you do?†The flight attendants reported to the chairman to use the rest time to buy “Dacronâ€, because only Shanghai can buy it. Hearing these young people talk about the benefits of "dare," the chairman said nothing. After returning to Beijing, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou Enlai said: "Can we also get some chemical fiber? Don't let people dress so hard."
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Soon, a relevant technical report was sent to Zhongnanhai. On February 5, 1972, this report was read by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou. In order to solve the difficult problem of ordinary people's clothing, the Chinese government decided to introduce petrochemical equipment to developed industrial countries in a grand scheme to develop the chemical fiber and open the entire industrial chain of the chemical fiber industry. It was not long before the nation’s largest petrochemical company started construction in Shanghai. This was the later Jinshan Petrochemical Plant. Its completion and production basically solved the problem of Chinese people's difficulty in getting dressed.
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At the same time, Jinshan Petrochemical was approved to build the Liaoyang Petroleum Chemical Fiber Plant, Tianjin Petrochemical Fiber Plant and Sichuan Vinylon Plant. By 1982, these large chemical fiber plants were completed and put into production. In 1983, the State Council announced that it will cancel the ballot paper from December 1. In fact, prior to this, because of the appearance of “Danliangâ€, the ticket was not very tight. At that time, the biggest use of the ballot was to purchase a dowry.
A memory of the times
Why does a “dare†leave people with such a heavy memory? Because in the era of “dareâ€, people’s memories of dressing were “new three years, old three years, and three years of supplements†However, since the "Dandan" had appeared, the common patches on the clothes had disappeared and the clothes became beautiful, beautiful and beautiful. Therefore, "Dacron" is the end of the old dressing age and the beginning of the new dressing age for the Chinese people.
Since 2003, China has become the world’s largest producer of synthetic fibers and a major consumer country. It is no exaggeration to say that from the construction of Jinshan Petrochemical in 1972 to the abolition of ballot papers in 1983, it was the rapid development of the chemical fiber industry represented by “Danliang†that it was possible to use this short time to realize the Chinese people for thousands of years.†The dream of being dressed by the world can make 1.3 billion Chinese people wear warm and well-dressed. It can be said that the clothing gap is the smallest among Chinese ordinary people. Whether in urban or rural areas, even in poor areas, the gap between the clothing of men, women and children, and the population of developed cities is small.
Maybe today people no longer have "Zeal" shirts or "cards" tunics, but people will hide the good memories of "Dan Liang" in their hearts.
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