Jewelry products are mainly faked in materials, pretending to be genuine products with shoddy materials, and are among the top jewellery. Some methods for identification and identification are now introduced as follows.
Identification of diamonds
Diamonds are the hardest substance in natural materials. Diamonds can be used to engrave any other gemstone, but any other gemstone can be scratched. It can also be scored with a “standard hardness testerâ€. Any hardness less than 9 degrees is a fake diamond. Diamonds are also lipophilic. For example, a pen draws a line on the surface of a diamond to form a continuous straight line, while other gemstones have intermittent lines. The above methods have certain reference value in the identification of diamonds. It can also be observed through a 10x magnifying glass. Under a 10x magnifying glass, most diamonds can be seen in the form of a triangular growth pattern. The surface of the diamond has a "fire" light of "red, orange, blue". shining. The most accurate and reliable method is to use the "thermal conductivity meter" to measure the thermal conductivity data to distinguish between true and false diamonds, but the "thermal conductivity meter" is more expensive.
Since diamonds are noble and luxurious jewellery, it is not uncommon to replace them with cheap gems, artificial gems and even glass on the market. The common types of fake diamonds are as follows:
1 Zircon: Very similar to diamonds, it is the best substitute for diamonds. The identification method is that zircon has a polarizing property and a large birefringence. When the processed zircon facet is observed with a magnifying glass of 10 times, the top surface thereof is faced.
Looking down, you can see that the ridgeline at the bottom has a distinct double shadow, and the diamond has no double shadow.
2 glass: the refractive index of glass is very low, there is no flashing color of the diamond; especially when it sinks into the water, the glass products are all radiant, and immediately reveal the horse's feet.
3 Soviet diamond: namely cubic zirconia, which was first developed by the Soviets, hence the name. The Soviet diamond is an artificial compound, but it is very close to natural diamonds in terms of dispersion and refractive index, and it also has a seductive appearance of "fire". But its hardness is low (8.5), which can be distinguished from diamonds. And the thermal conductivity is much lower than that of diamonds, which can be identified by “thermal conductivity meter†and accurately distinguished.
4 Crystal: Although the crystal is a natural mineral transparent crystal, it is processed like diamond, but lacks the colored light of diamond.
Identification of rubies
Natural gemstones are “ten red and nine cracksâ€, and natural rubies without any cracks and cracks are extremely rare. The artificial ruby ​​has the same color, and the internal defects or crystal inclusions are small, clean, and the block is large. As a precious gemstone, natural rubies over 3 carats on the market are rare. If you encounter a large piece of ruby, you should pay attention because natural rubies are worth a thousand times more than artificial rubies. If you are negligent, you will "taking medicine."
Natural ruby ​​has a strong "dichroic", so-called dichroism, that is, there are two shades of red and orange in different directions. If there is only one color, it may be red spinel, garnet or red glass. Wait.
Red spinel is very similar to natural ruby, and the two are the most confusing, so they must be especially careful.
Sapphire identification
Natural sapphires tend to be uneven in color, and most have flat growth patterns. The artificial sapphire has the same color, and its growth pattern is a curved belt, which often shows crumb-like or bead-like bubbles in the body.
Natural sapphire also has a distinct dichroism, which is blue in one direction and blue-green in the other. The coloration of other gemstones is different from that of natural sapphires and can be distinguished accordingly.
In addition, the easiest method is to use the hardness method. Natural sapphire can mark the topaz, while other blue stones are difficult to mark on the topaz. Therefore, when buying jewelry, if there is no instrument around, just have a piece of topaz. Sometimes it can solve some problems.
Identification of emerald
In nature, there are many types of green transparent gemstones similar to emeralds. The more common ones are jade, tourmaline, fluorite, olivine, garnet and zircon. The appearance is similar to emerald and the confusion is the tourmaline, fluorite and jade. . Observed by the naked eye, the green jade is generally translucent, often with interwoven fibrous plaque structure, and the high quality emerald is transparent and crystal clear. Emerald has a hardness of 7.5-8, while fluorite has a low hardness of only 4. Emeralds have a smaller proportion, while fluorite, tourmaline and jadeite have a larger proportion. Zircon is strong in color and has a distinct double shadow.
In addition, there are artificial emeralds, green glass, etc. similar to natural emeralds. The biggest difference between them is that most of the natural emeralds have cockroaches or inclusions and are visible in dichroism. Of course, it is necessary to strictly and correctly distinguish the best use of refractometers, polarizers and other identification instruments.
Identification of cat's eye
In recent years, there has been a glass fiber cat eye ring sale on the market, which is set on a gold or silver ring. The method of identification is that when the ring is turned, the curved tip of the fake cat's eye can have several bands at the same time, and only one of the real cat eyes. The fake cat's eye line is dull, and the real cat's eye line is flexible. The color of the real cat's eye is mostly brown or light green, and the fake cat's eye has various colors, such as red, blue and green.
Opal identification
Opal can be divided into black opal, white opal, yellow opal, etc. according to its color, among which black opal has the highest price. In order to improve the price of white or yellow opal at a lower price, some people use artificial methods to make them discolored and become "black opal" to gain high profits. The main method is to boil or inject plastic to make the white opal black. The method of identification is that the opal weight of the sugar-smelting or injection molding is significantly different, and the specific gravity value is lighter when tested in water. The heated opal can also be used to test the injection opal. The natural opal hot needle can not be inserted, the injection opal can be plunged, and the plastic scent can be produced.
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