Text / Sina Finance opinion leader column (WeChat public number kopleader) columnist Liang Jianzhang Huang Wenzheng
Trump's election may indicate that the United States will shrink in the direction of attracting immigrants, but for China, it can take this opportunity to carry out reforms, and thus find a broad road to recruit talents.
Can Trump's "displacement" become an opportunity for China?
During the US presidential election last year, Trump’s remarks on restricting immigration were once considered to be the campaign slogan used to win votes. To a large number of people’s surprises, Trump has acted on immigration policy in a few days after he officially took office. He not only signed a presidential executive order to freeze the US refugee camp, but also temporarily banned the nationals of seven Muslim-dominated countries. Entry also directly relieved the acting Minister of Justice and the Acting Director of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Bureau, which obstructed the execution of this order.
Trump's restraining order, despite half of the public's support, also met with strong opposition from the US civil, legislative, and judicial circles. It was suspended by a federal court a week after its promulgation. In a previous article, we detailed the American wrestling on the Trump immigration ban. The current strong reaction to this is also the elite of many academic and scientific circles. Their opposition to the immigration policy is not only the so-called sorrowful love, but the more important reason is that this group of people is very clear that the United States can maintain a strong foundation for a long time, which is the high degree of openness in the process of absorbing talents all over the world. attitude.
Historically, the United States is a country based on immigration, and immigrants have now become an important force in technological innovation, accounting for one-third of the total amount of innovative patents. Immigrant entrepreneurship has played a dual role in economic accelerators and technology accelerators. In the United States, immigrants have created a quarter of the total number of high-tech companies; nearly half of the top 50 US listed companies are created or co-created by immigrants; in Silicon Valley, 36.4% of the population was born abroad.
Especially in the wave of Internet technology, those with immigrant family background have supported at least half of the United States. For example, Jobs’s father was born in Syria, Sergey Brin is a Russian-born entrepreneur, Zuckerberg’s ancestors came from Germany, Austria and Poland, and Musk was born in South Africa. If the United States originally turned away these immigrant families, it might not be possible to have great companies and products such as Apple, Google, Facebook, and Tesla. As for the reason why high-tech elites currently collectively boycott Trump, that is, they do not want the United States to lose its core advantages because it restricts immigration.
If the United States really entered the restricted immigration track because Trump came to power, what would it mean for China, whose GDP is second only to the United States and the most likely to challenge the United States in science and technology? Is it possible for China to seize this historic opportunity to pursue and exceed the US's technological leadership by relaxing immigration policies?
If we regard talented people as an important strategic resource, then in the past few years, the United States has been the country with the largest “into superâ€, namely through open immigration policy, generous material treatment and broad development space. The world is constantly "importing" such resources. In contrast, China has been in a state of serious “extraordinaryâ€, that is, many outstanding talents selected through domestic basic education have eventually “exported†to overseas, especially the United States to study, work, settle, and become naturalized. Most of the great value created is attributed to the country of residence rather than China. The contrast between this "out of the super" and "into the super" may be a major obstacle for China to catch up with the US road.
Regardless of economic development, scientific and technological progress, national competition or cultural heritage, the most precious resource of a country is the people who have a sense of identity and belonging. In recent years, with the concept of “rejuvenating the country through science and technologyâ€, people at all levels in China have increased their efforts to attract talents, including encouraging outstanding talents with overseas study backgrounds to participate in entrepreneurship or scientific research. However, existing initiatives are still more focused on reducing “exports†or “exports to domestic salesâ€. If large-scale “imports†of talents are required from all over the world, China still has many obstacles in immigration policy.
China also has a “green card†system to attract foreign talents. As early as August 2004, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued the “Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of Permanent Residence of Foreigners in Chinaâ€, allowing for high-end management talents, high-end technical talents, and talents with significant and outstanding contributions to China and special needs of the country. Issue a permanent residence permit. However, from the actual implementation situation, the statistics show that since the implementation of the "green card" system, the "China Green Card" has only issued an average of hundreds of copies per year. In 2016, the “China Green Card†issued by the Ministry of Public Security increased by 163% compared with the previous year. It was regarded as a huge improvement by the outside world, but even so, the absolute number of this year was only 1576 “China Green Cardsâ€. In the past ten years, there have been tens of millions of foreigners entering China; the two are totally disproportionate. As for the further naturalization of China on the basis of the "green card", it is even more difficult.
China's economy has developed to the present day. On the one hand, more and more talents need to be joined by overseas talents. On the other hand, the mainland has also given birth to Alibaba, Tencent, Huawei and other groups that can provide high salary and provide development space. The excellent enterprises, whether they can achieve effective docking between the two, will be related to China's future national trend. To achieve this, the government must have more pioneering thinking on immigration policies.
First of all, China's existing Nationality Law stipulates that Chinese nationality will be automatically lost once foreign nationality is obtained. This provision is equivalent to placing China's identification of national identity under the judgment of foreign nationality, which undermines China's sovereign dignity, weakens national cohesion, and is not conducive to national security and attracting overseas talent. Almost none of the world's major countries have such exclusive terms. In fact, many people have acquired foreign nationality because of real life considerations. They do not want to give up their recognition of China.
If Chinese nationality can be maintained after obtaining foreign nationality, overseas Chinese can maintain their emotional bond with China and their recognition of China, and can continue it to future generations. Most countries do not require naturalized immigrants to abandon their original nationality, and retaining Chinese nationality also allows overseas Chinese to justify their interests for China. To this end, it is recommended that the National People's Congress amend the Nationality Law, remove this exclusive clause, and stipulate that Chinese nationality will always be valid unless I formally renounce it.
Secondly, for the issuance of the "China Green Card", more relaxed and open measures should be taken in the future. On September 30, 2014, when Premier Li Keqiang met with foreign experts and their relatives who won the "Friendship Award" of the Chinese government, he said that "it is easier to get foreigners to get a 'green card' in China." Granting more "China Green Cards" means allowing more foreign talents to enjoy "national treatment" in more fields, eliminating their concerns about buying houses, welfare and children's education due to nationality restrictions.
The "US Green Card" that once seemed to be fascinating seems to reduce the number of grants within Trump's term of office. Then the vacancies formed by this will not be filled by the "China Green Card". The future "China Green Card" will not only help to summon overseas Chinese, but also attract attractive people from East Asia and other nationals from developing countries. As for the conditions for obtaining a green card, in addition to academic qualifications and other factors, it is also possible to include Chinese literacy in one of the indicators of scoring, which is conducive to protecting the cultural identity of immigrants and is more conducive to the existing immigration restrictions. The external output of Chinese culture.
Also, with the gradual tightening of immigration policies in the United States, some overseas talents currently living in the United States may re-adjust their career plans, and even some high-tech industries hope to seek more cost-effective investment locations outside the United States. For this trend change, China needs to lay out in advance, increase the introduction of overseas talents, especially Chinese students, and provide more conveniences and benefits for foreign high-income people working and living in China. In the introduction of these talents and families, there may be future Jobs or Zuckerberg. Moreover, in the process of attracting global talents, the education, environment, public facilities and other aspects of the big cities will be improved, and it will also help to retain the middle class in the country.
Finally, in recent years, Chinese people have become more and more concerned about the countries in which Chinese passports can enjoy visa-free or visa-on-board treatment. In retrospect, in order to attract more foreigners, can China reform its existing visa policy and further Relax tourist visas for developed country nationals to China , including consideration of visa exemption , landing or online signing (India is an online visa). This will not only help promote the inbound tourism and give more foreigners a chance to understand China. At the same time, if it can form a two-way visa-free system, it will further increase the gold content of Chinese passports and reduce the motivation of domestic talents for external immigration.
Based on the above ideas, it is recommended that China strengthen its return to overseas talents and introduce foreign talents in the short term. At the same time, it will open up household registration and strengthen regional exchanges. In the long run, it will be necessary to fully liberalize the birth and maintain the population advantage, so as to ensure the country's lasting vitality. Of course, it is more important to attract more immigrants than to attract immigrants. Otherwise, it is obviously unreasonable to restrict the birth of foreigners while introducing foreign immigrants. In addition, we must also open the household registration restrictions. If even the nationals have to restrict access to large cities, how can we welcome foreigners to enter the big cities?
At present, due to the introduction of policies restricting the development of metropolises in China, the planning and supply of large cities are insufficient, resulting in high housing prices and high costs. As a result, potential talents, including international talents, are at risk of loss. For example, many outstanding scholars who are interested in doing research in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai are eventually frightened by difficulties such as high housing prices, heavy taxes, difficulty in entering schools, and air quality. In addition, strict network security measures are also the direct cause of many people unable to adapt to work and life in the country. Therefore, opening a green card and visa is only the first step. If China wants to become a gathering place for talents, it still has a long way to go.
In short, Trump's election may indicate that the United States will shrink in the direction of attracting immigrants, but for China, it can take this opportunity to carry out reforms, and thus find a broad road to recruit talents. Faced with this opportunity, both Chinese and Chinese scholars need to study and evaluate from a strategic perspective. For example, China and the Globalization Think Tank (CCG) have specially compiled the "China International Immigration Report" to explore the promotion of China's visa policy, the construction of China's technology immigration system, the status of China's overseas investment immigration, and the hot issues of entry and exit management under the new situation. . In the future, more Chinese people need to look at the issue of immigration with an open mind and do their utmost to help the Chinese nation win this battle for outstanding talents.
(The author of this article: Ctrip co-founder, executive board chairman)
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