Most consumers only know that furniture contains formaldehyde, but often ignores the environmental status of “soft decorationâ€. Some customers have reported a pungent smell in their homes, suspected of buying fake solid wood furniture, and finally found that the "culprit" is actually a sofa fabric. Tested by professional indoor air testing agencies, fabric curtains may also be the main target of formaldehyde exceeding the standard. According to industry insiders, the textiles and other chemicals added to the home textile products in the printing and dyeing process, as well as the fabric finishing agents added to enhance the wrinkle resistance and flame retardancy of the products may contain formaldehyde.
1 The harm of formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent gas with a strong odor, and its 35% - 40% aqueous solution is collectively called formalin. Formaldehyde is a pure syrup that binds to proteins. Direct contact with formaldehyde can cause dermatitis, pigmentation, and necrosis. Frequently, when the high concentration of formaldehyde is absorbed, the human body may experience severe irritation and edema of the respiratory tract, tingling of the eyes, headache, and bronchial asthma. Frequent inhalation of a small amount of formaldehyde, can cause chronic poisoning, mucosal congestion, skin irritation, allergic dermatitis, nail keratosis and fragility, nail bed pain. Long-term inhalation of pregnant women may cause newborn babies to be deformed or even die. Long-term inhalation of men can lead to malformation, death, and decreased sexual function in men, which can lead to leukemia, pneumothorax, and loss of fertility.
2 Source of formaldehyde
Since the 1920s, formaldehyde resins have been used in textile finishing, mainly for anti-shrinkage, anti-wrinkle, waterproof, anti-fading, flame retardant treatment, etc., as well as to maintain the durability of printing, dyeing and improve the feel. Add formaldehyde to the additive as needed. Various artificial boards can contain formaldehyde because they use a resin binder. The production of new furniture, the laying of walls and floors, the use of adhesives. Wherever a large amount of adhesive is used, there is always formaldehyde release. In addition, some chemical fiber carpets, paints and coatings also contain a certain amount of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can also come from a variety of chemical light industrial products such as cosmetics, detergents, insecticides, disinfectants, preservatives, printing inks, paper, textile fibers.
3 Countries limit the formaldehyde content of textiles
In China, the mandatory standard GB 18401 imposes strict restrictions on the formaldehyde contained in textiles, including fabrics and accessories. The formaldehyde content of infants and young children's clothing should be ≤20mg/kg, and the formaldehyde content of direct contact skin clothing should be ≤75mg/kg. The formaldehyde content of non-direct contact skin clothing should be ≤300mg/kg, while the formaldehyde content of interior decoration textiles such as curtains, tablecloths, etc. should be ≤300mg/kg. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan has a formaldehyde content of ≤75 mg/kg in direct contact with the skin according to the "Regulations on the Content of Hazardous Substances in Commodities" promulgated by the Japanese Decree No. 112 of 1973. Clothing such as shirts with less direct contact with the skin. The formaldehyde content should be ≤300mg/kg; the formaldehyde content of infants and young children under 2 years old is ≤20mg/kg; the formaldehyde content of outerwear is ≤1000mg/kg.
On January 1, 2005, the International Textile Ecology Research and Testing Association released Oeko-TexStandard100-2005 into four categories according to the end use of the product, including: baby products (Class I): not detectable; direct contact with skin products (II Class): Formaldehyde content should be ≤75 mg/kg; non-direct contact with skin products (Class III) formaldehyde content should be ≤300mg/kg; decorative materials (Class IV): Formaldehyde content should be ≤300mg/kg.
On January 31, 2005, the United States Department of Health and Human Services and the Public Health Bureau issued a report on carcinogens. Formaldehyde was classified as a class of carcinogens. The clothing industry proposed a formaldehyde limit of 500 mg/kg for various garments. French Official Gazette 970141F stipulates that the content of formaldehyde in products not in direct contact with the skin is ≤400mg/kg; the product is in direct contact with the skin.
The content of ≤200mg/kg; the content of formaldehyde in infants and young children under 36 months ≤20mg/kg; the relevant regulations on formaldehyde content in the Netherlands from July 1, 2000, prohibiting the import and export of commodities with formaldehyde content exceeding 120 mg/kg. This applies to all clothing and non-apparel textiles that may come into contact with human skin, such as bed sheet pillowcases. This requirement requires that the product with a formaldehyde content of less than 120 mg/kg or its packaging must be "washed before use" after the first wash according to the washing instructions.
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