Protecting the environment is China's basic national policy. Building an ecological civilization is the millennium of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to treat the ecological environment like life. The establishment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment is not only the most stringent ecological environmental protection system, but also a key step in solving outstanding environmental problems. It is also the meaning of forming a green development mode and lifestyle, and building a beautiful China.
Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment held the first executive meeting of the Ministry of Commerce, deliberating and adopting in principle the "Implementation Plan for the Reform of the Import Management System for the Prohibition of Foreign Waste Entry into the Solid Waste Import Management System" 2018-2020 Action Plan "Environmental Environment for Imported Solid Waste Processing and Utilization Enterprises" The Special Supervision Action Plan for Violation of Laws (2018) and the Special Remediation Action Plan for Standards for Emissions from Waste Incineration Power Generation Industry.
As the newly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment, its every move has become the focus of attention.
Responsibility integration
According to the State Council's institutional reform plan reviewed and approved at the 13th National People's Congress, the newly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment will integrate the duties of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission's response to climate change and emission reduction, and the supervision of the Ministry of Land and Resources. Responsibilities for preventing groundwater pollution, water function zoning of the Ministry of Water Resources, management of sewage outlets, responsibility for watershed environmental protection, supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture to guide agricultural non-point source pollution control, marine environmental protection duties of the State Oceanic Administration, State Council's South-to-North Water Transfer Project Construction Committee Environmental protection duties of the office's South-to-North Water Transfer Project area.
The main responsibilities of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment are clearly defined as: formulating and organizing the implementation of eco-environmental policies, plans and standards, unified responsibility for ecological environment monitoring and law enforcement, supervising and managing pollution prevention, nuclear and radiation safety, and organizing central environmental protection inspectors.
Li Ganjie, Minister of the Ministry of Eco-Environment, pointed out: "The establishment of a new Ministry of Eco-Environment will unify the original decentralized pollution prevention and ecological protection responsibilities, and promote the modernization of the ecological environment, the construction of ecological civilization, the modernization of governance systems, and the modernization of governance capabilities. Deep change and great progress."
Previously, people used the term “Jiulong Water Control†to describe the phenomenon of long management in the field of environmental protection. For example, in the actual work, a water problem is managed by the environmental protection department on the shore, in the water, by the water conservancy department, and the groundwater is returned to the national land department. The supervision of environmental protection is not uniform, which causes overlapping, unclear, and missing issues of environmental protection. It not only causes waste of administrative resources, but also tends to have problems but no one is responsible.
As Li Ganjie summed up, there have been two outstanding problems in the institutional mechanism of ecological environmental protection in China for a long time. The first is the overlapping of duties, "Jiulong water control", long-term governance, unclear responsibility for the incident; the second is that the regulator and the owner are not well separated, both "athletes" and "referees", some " The referee "is independent, but the authority and effectiveness are not very strong.
"This reform plan has solved the above two problems well, unified the original scattered pollution prevention and ecological protection responsibilities, and realized the 'five open': open up the ground and underground, open up the shore and the water, and get through. On land and in the sea, the city and the countryside have been opened up, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide have been opened up, which has unified air pollution prevention and climate change response," said Li Ganjie.
Ecological civilization is new
The establishment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment is not only the integration of decentralized ecological environmental protection responsibilities, but also considered to be an inevitable requirement for building a beautiful China.
For the first time, China’s name for “environmental protection†was listed in 1982. In that year's institutional reform, China established the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Urban and Rural Construction, and established the Environmental Protection Bureau under this department. The functions at that time were very simple, mainly to manage the wastewater, waste gas and waste residue of industrial enterprises. It was not until the institutional reform of 1988 that the Environmental Protection Agency was independent from the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Urban-Rural Development and became a deputy ministerial-level institution directly under the State Council.
Since then, in 1998 and 2008, the national environmental protection agencies have implemented two major reforms. In 1998, the National Environmental Protection Agency was upgraded to the State Environmental Protection Administration. In 2008, it was upgraded to the Ministry of Environmental Protection and became a member of the State Council.
This reform is different from the past, with a focus on responsibilities. The establishment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, as an important top-level design in the construction of ecological civilization, its practical significance and historical milestones are extraordinary.
From the perspective of actual needs, the fight against pollution has become one of the three major challenges in building a well-off society in China. Under this situation, the shortcomings of the current environmental management system need to be filled.
From the perspective of long-term development, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has clearly identified "beauty" as one of the important connotations of socialist modernization. Wang Yi, deputy dean of the Science and Technology Strategy Consulting Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that the construction of beautiful China is not a unilateral goal. It cannot be an environmental system, but a comprehensive system project. "This is obviously not only the scope of environmental pollution control, but also the government. The responsibilities of natural resource management, ecological protection and pollution prevention are optimized and reconstructed.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly put forward the assertion that “Landscape Lintian Lake is a community of life†from the broad perspective of ecological civilization construction, emphasizing that “the lifeblood of human beings is in the field, the lifeblood of Tian is in the water, the lifeblood of water. In the mountains, the lifeblood of the mountains is in the soil, and the lifeblood of the soil is in the trees. The use regulation and ecological restoration must follow the laws of nature. "It is necessary to carry out unified protection and unified restoration of the landscape forest lake." The establishment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment presents a new pattern of ecological environmental protection and governance in a new era. In Li Ganjie's view, unlike the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the past, the newly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment is to co-ordinate the landscape forest and grassland and carry out systematic management.
New measures for pollution prevention
As the first minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Li Ganjie said that he felt that responsibility was heavier, pressure was greater, conditions were better, and confidence was more sufficient. "On the one hand, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection have achieved historic achievements and historic changes. The ecological environment and the quality of the ecological environment have been greatly improved, and many achievements have been explored. Effective practices and experience have laid a good foundation for further ecological environmental protection. On the other hand, the newly formed Ministry of Ecology and Environment has integrated all the duties of the former Ministry of Environmental Protection and other six ministries and commissions. It has solved many problems in ecological environmental protection for a long time and created better conditions."
At present, the formation of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment is progressing in an orderly manner. At the same time, it is equally urgent to complete the "functional coordination" mission. It is impossible to relax the battle against pollution.
On March 29, the spokesman of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Liu Youbin, said at the press conference of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment that this year the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will launch seven special actions to concentrate on the fight against pollution. The seven special actions are: the special action of the “Green Shield 2018†nature reserve supervision and inspection jointly carried out by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and relevant departments, the comprehensive management of air pollution in key areas, and the implementation of the “Prohibition of Foreign Waste Entry and Promotion of Solid Waste Import Management System Reform†Implementation Plan, combating the illegal transfer and dumping of solid waste and hazardous waste, the discharge of waste incineration power generation industry, the rectification of urban black and odorous water bodies, the construction of sewage treatment facilities in towns and parks, and the environmental remediation of centralized drinking water sources.
Liu Youbin said that intensive supervision is a long-term mechanism for new environmental law enforcement that is optimized and improved on the basis of past work. It is by no means a short-term behavior. The newly formed Ministry of Ecology and Environment will continue to promote the use of intensive inspectors to accumulate experience and comprehensively launch seven special actions as a landmark project to comprehensively fight the battle against pollution, in an effort to meet the people's higher expectations for the quality of the ecological environment. Claim. (Economic Daily·China Economic Net reporter Cao Hongyan)
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